Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: The Tommy John Surgery

What is Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction?

Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction, also known as Tommy John surgery, is a surgical procedure to repair a torn ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) in the elbow. The UCL is a ligament that helps to stabilize the elbow joint and prevent the elbow from bending too far inward. Baseball pitchers are at a high risk of UCL injuries due to the repetitive stress of throwing a baseball.

Tommy John surgery is named after former Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Tommy John, who underwent the procedure in 1974. Since then, Tommy John surgery has become a common procedure for pitchers at all levels of baseball. The surgery is typically performed arthroscopically, which means that it is done through small incisions with the use of a camera. During the surgery, the torn UCL is removed and replaced with a new ligament from another part of the body, such as the forearm or the hamstring.

Rehabilitation After Tommy John Surgery

Rehabilitation after Tommy John surgery is a long and challenging process. It typically takes 12 to 18 months for a pitcher to return to full strength. During rehabilitation, the pitcher will work to regain range of motion in the elbow, strengthen the muscles around the elbow, and improve flexibility.

The first phase of rehabilitation begins soon after surgery. During this phase, the pitcher will focus on regaining range of motion in the elbow. The pitcher will also begin to strengthen the muscles around the elbow with light exercises.

The second phase of rehabilitation begins once the pitcher has regained full range of motion in the elbow. During this phase, the pitcher will continue to strengthen the muscles around the elbow and begin to throw a baseball again. The pitcher will start by throwing short distances and gradually increase the distance as they get stronger.

The third phase of rehabilitation begins once the pitcher is able to throw a baseball without pain. During this phase, the pitcher will focus on improving their velocity and accuracy. The pitcher will also begin to pitch in simulated games.

Risks of Tommy John Surgery

Tommy John surgery is a major surgery, and there are some risks associated with the procedure. These risks include:

• Infection
• Nerve damage
• Artery damage
• Failure of the surgery

The risk of complications from Tommy John surgery is relatively low, but it is important to be aware of the risks before undergoing the procedure.

Conclusion

Tommy John surgery is a major surgery that can be successful in repairing a torn UCL in the elbow. However, the rehabilitation process is long and challenging, and there are some risks associated with the procedure. It is important to weigh the risks and benefits of Tommy John surgery before making a decision about whether or not to undergo the procedure.